Redlining & housing discrimination
Redlining Richmond
Security map drawn 1937; federal underwriting practice until the Fair Housing Act of 1968The districts graded D on Richmond's 1937 HOLC security map, VA
Federal appraisers graded Richmond neighbourhood by neighbourhood in 1937 and outlined the Black ones in red. The grades followed the colour line, and the areas marked D are where the city's concentrated poverty and subsidised housing sit today.
The shape on the map is a reconstruction drawn from historical descriptions, not a surveyed boundary. Follow the sources for authoritative maps.