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Lynching & racial terror

The lynching of Michael Donald

21 March 1981Herndon Avenue, Mobile, Mobile County, AL

Klansmen picked a nineteen-year-old at random off a Mobile street, killed him and hanged his body from a tree. His mother's lawsuit bankrupted the United Klans of America.

This happened in 1981. A jury in Mobile had failed to convict a Black man accused of killing a white police officer, and members of the United Klans of America decided that a Black man should die for it. On the night of 21 March, Henry Hays and James Knowles drove around Mobile until they found someone walking alone: Michael Donald, nineteen, on his way back from buying cigarettes.

They forced him into the car, took him to another county, beat him with a tree limb, cut his throat and brought the body back to hang from a camphor tree on Herndon Avenue, across from Hays's house. Mobile police initially put it down to a drug deal. It took pressure from Donald's mother Beulah Mae Donald, and from the attorney Thomas Figures, to get a federal investigation.

Knowles pleaded guilty and testified. Hays was convicted and executed in 1997 - the first white man executed in Alabama for killing a Black person since 1913. Then Beulah Mae Donald sued the United Klans of America itself and won a $7 million judgment in 1987, which took the organisation's headquarters and bankrupted it; the UKA dissolved in 1992. She was awarded the building, sold it, and died two years later. The street where her son was hanged is now named for him.

The last documented lynching in the United States, and within living memory for most adults.

Sources

  1. March 21, 1981: Michael Donald Hanged by Members of the Klan in Mobile, AlabamaA History of Racial Injustice, Equal Justice Initiativecalendar.eji.org
  2. Ku Klux Klan in Modern AlabamaEncyclopedia of Alabama, Alabama Humanities Allianceencyclopediaofalabama.org

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